Retinoids consist of natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A. Some retinoid drugs require a prescription (adapalene, tazarotene, tretinoin) and are often used to treat acne. There is substantial scientific evidence demonstrating the benefits of retinoids for acne and anti-aging. The long-term use of certain retinoids appear to reduce fine lines that are caused by sun damage, as well as aid in lightening areas of the skin with darker pigment, such as freckles and liver spots. Over-the-counter skin preparations containing the retinoids (e.g., retinol, retinaldehyde, retinyl propionate, retinyl palmitate) are available at many drug stores and other retailers with a cosmetic department. If you do decide to try a retinoid-containing product, be on the lookout for common side-effects such as redness, irritation and increased sensitivity to the sun. Studies have shown that retinyl propionate is effective and causes less irritation. Many of the initial symptoms will diminish with continued use, however, if you don’t see an improvement, then discontinue use. Because retinoids increase the photosensitivity of your skin, make certain to apply a minimum SPF15 broad-spectrum sunscreen daily to get the necessary protection.
